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NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL TAYLOR, OF BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND.

METAL-COVERED ROOF.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 459,980, dated September 22,1891.

Application filed May 6,1891. Serial No. 391,833. (No model.) Patented in England March 3l, 1887, No. 4,818.

Toa/ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL TAYLOR, of Birmingham, England, asubject of the Queen of Great Britain, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Metal-Covered Roofs, (for which Letters Patent of Great Britain were granted to me dated March 3l, 1887, No. 4,8180 and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description ofthe invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention consists, principally, of the improvements hereinafter described in constructing the sheets constituting the metal covering of the roof and fixing the said sheets to the supporting Wooden or metallic rafters of the roof or to the wooden rafters and cable to coverings made of other metals andv alloys.

In constructing a metal-covered roof according to my invention I use, by preference, stepped roofing-sheets, the steps of the sheets being arranged equidistantly and parallel with the ridge and eaves of the roof, and I so construct the longitudinal edges of the stepped sheets, or those edges which are supported on the rafters, that the said edges assist in fixing the sheets in their places on the rafters, and also prevent, or prevent to a large extent, Water passing over the said edges to the rafters. For these purposesI make along each bearing-edge of the rooting-sheet a con- Vex beading or raised part, and between the said beading and the extreme edge of the sheet I make a gutter, the said gutter being formed by bending upward the extreme edge of themetal sheet at an obtuse angle. A

ycording to my invention.

combined beading and gutter of thek kind described is made at each bearing-edge of the roofing-sheets. The beading described acts as abarrier to the passage of water to the extreme edge of the sheet, and the raised edge or gutter acts as a conduit for conveying away Water which may have passed over the beading. Thebeaded and guttered edges of the adjacent sheets to be supported on and lixed to the rafters are not in contact, but are arranged at a short distance apart on the rafter, and I iixthe opposed edges of the separated sheetsto the rafter by means of a cap or fixing-strip having steps in it corresponding with those in the roofing-sheets, the edges of the said cap having such a figure that they can engage or interlock with those of the roofing-sheets. The fixing-cap between its locking or engaging edges is arched for giving it rigidity, and in the middle of the arched part of the fixing-cap holes are made for the fixing-screws or screw-bolts to pass through. Around the holes in the fixing-cap the metal is raised or an embossment made to prevent Water from the roof passing to the said holes.

In making flat metal-covered roofs and other covered roofs I use in conjunction with the roofing sheets and caps described zinc or metal lined grooved Wooden rafters, and I fix the caps to the edges of the roofing-sheets in the manner hereinafter described.

I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings the manner in which my invention is to be performed.

Figure I represents in perspective a p0rtion of a roof provided With stepped roofingsheets and fixing appliances constructed ac- Fig. 2 represents in cross-section the same in conjunction with two rafters. Fig. 3 represents a longitudinal section of the stepped roofing-sheets, and Fig. 4 the longitudinal lap for joining the ends of two stepped roofing-sheets. Fig. 5 represents in plan, Fig. 6 in cross-section, and Fig. 7 a part of the saine, the arrangement of my invention when the roof is made Without vertical bearers, and the roofing-sheets are fixed to purlins, as hereinafter explained. Fig. 8

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The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures of the draw- 1ngs.

a ct are the stepped metal roofing-sheets.

b ZJ are the wooden rafters.

c, Fig. 3, is the eaves-plate, and (Z the ridge of the roof.

Upon the rafters Z) Z) the longitudinal edges of the stepped roofing-sheets a c, are supported in the manner best seen in Figs. i and 2, where it will be seen that the opposed edges of the roofing-sheets are not in contact, but are arranged at a short distance apart. Each bearing-edge of the roofing-sheet is made with a convex beading or raised part a2, and between the said beading and the extreme edge of the sheet is a gutter a3, the said gutter being made by bending upward the extreme edge of the metal sheet at an obtuse angle and curving the same, as seen in Fig. 2. The said beading c2 acts as a barrier to the passage of water to the extreme edge of the sheet, and the raised edge and gutter at a3 acts as a conduit for conveying away water which may have passed over the beading a2. e f e s the fixing-cap or fixing-strip, by which the edges of the roofing-sheets are iixed t-o the rafters, the said cap or fixing-strip extending froni the ridge of the roof to the eavesplate, so as to cover the bearing edges of the roofing-sheets from end to end and the space between the said bearing-edges of the sheets. The continuous fixing cap or strip e f e is stepped and has a corresponding figure to the adjacent edges of the two roofing-sheets a ct to be fixed on the rafter-that is, the middle of the said cap is arched at f to tit over the curved raised and gutter parts at a3 a3 of the roofing-sheets-and the edges of the cap are provided with headings e e for engaging or interlocking with those marked a2 a2 on the edges of the rooting-sheets. (See Fig. 2.) In the middle of the arched part f of the fixingcap e f e elongated or elliptical holes at g are made at the required distances apart for the fixingscrews 7L to pass through, the said screws being screwed into the wooden rafters b b. Vhen metal rafters are used, screwbolts are passed through the rafters and fixed by screw-nuts.

t' is the raised part or embossment around the hole g in the fixing-cap to prevent water from the roof passing through the said hole, and under the head of the screw a curved washer 7s is used for the same purpose.

It will be seen that no holes are made in the roofing-sheets a a, the screws or screwbolts used to secure the caps passing between the separated edges of the sheets at at, as best seen in Fig. l. rlhe supporting-edges of the adjacent rooting-sheets a a having been arranged at the proper distance apart on the rafter ZJ, the fixing-cap efe is engaged or interlocked with the edges of the sheets and the said cap fixed in its place by passing screws ZL (or screw-bolts) through the said cap and screwing them into the rafter or rafter and boardings, the curved washers 7c being interposed between the heads of the screws and the fixing-cap. The bearing-edges of the rooting-sheets are thus secured veryfirmly on the rafter, the xed rooting-sheets being capable of expanding and contracting and having the provisions hereinbefore pointed out for protecting the joints from water and for convey-l ing away water. No bending or doublingot the roofing-sheets ct a at the eaves, ridge, hip, or at other impediments in the roof is required, as the sheets are made to pass into grooves in the roof-framing, as illustrated in Fig. 3.

The manner in which the ends of two root'- ing-sheets are engaged together to form the longitudinal lap is illustrated in Fig. 4, where it will be seen that the junctions of the ends of the sheets t closelyT together, no screws or bolts' for securing them together being necessary. Plain or unstepped roofing-sheets and caps may be used with the improvements hereinbefore described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

When no boarding is used in framing the roof, vertical bearers are required at distances apart corresponding to the widthof the sheets used, as before described; but my improvements may also be applied to roofings constructed without the said vertical bearers and may be fixed to the puriins only. In this case the roofing-sheets and the roofing-cap are bolted together between the purlins by the arrangement represented in Figs. 5, 6, and 7- that is, I use a strong washer Z, (shown separately in Fig. 7,) having nearly the same figure as the fixing-cap, and I fix the said washer Z on the under side of the adjacent edges of the rooting-sheets a a by means of the screwbolt and screw-nut at m, a curved washer Zt' being interposed between the head of the screw-boltand the fixing-cap. The continuous fixing-cap e f e, washer Z, and the adjacent edges of the rooting-sheets ct a are thus secured together between the purlins.

In applying my improvements to grooved rafters, either made of wood or metal, I arrange the part-s in the manner represented in Fig. 8. In this case the extreme edges of the rooiin g-sheets, instead of being turned up and curved, are turned down, so as to fit against the lined groove p in the rafter b, and the arch-shaped and beaded fixing-cap e f e, after it has been interlc cited with the adjacent edges of the roofing-sheets a CZ, is fixed in its place by the screw-bolts q, the cross-pieces or feet of which are drawn against the inclined or undercut shoulders S S in the grooved rafter, as will be understood by an examination of Fig. 8.

` My improvements may be applied to curved roofs as well as to fiat roofs, the roofing-sheets having the required form given to them by hand when fixing them, and the fixing-caps maybe made of wood or other non-metallic material instead of metal.

Having now particularly described and as- IOO for;

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Certained the nature of my invention and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my invention l. The combination, with roofing-sheets d, having their longitudinal edges separated from each other and formed in proximity thereto with raised beads a2, the fixing-cap having the arched center f and raised beads e formed in proximity to the edges and engaging the raised beads of the rooting-sheets, and fixing-screws passing between the edges of the rooing-sheets and engaged with the larched center of the fixing-cap, substantially roong-sheets d, having their longitudinal edges separated from each other and formed in proximity thereto With raised beads d2, the fixing-cap having the arched center f and raised beads e formed in proximity to the edges and engaging the raised beads of the roofing-sheets, and the xing-screws engaged with the rafters, passing between the edges of the rooting-sheets, and engaged with the arched center of the iixing-cap, substantially as described.

4. The combination of the rooingsheets having their longitudinal edges curved upwardly, separated from each other, and formed in proximity thereto With the raised beads d2 and gutters d3, the fixing-cap having the arched center f and shaped to enter the gutters and extend over the beads of the roofingsheets, and fixing-screws passing between the edges of the rooting-sheets and engaged with the arched center of the iixing-cap, snbstantially as described.

SAMUEL TAYLOR. [L s] lVitnesses:

RICHARD SKERRETT, WILLIAM ToNKs. 

